重點:
1. 和胰島素無關,所以本身不會造成低血糖
2. 讓糖分從腎臟排出,所以腎臟功能太差不能用 (eGFR<60)
3. 少數能夠減重的藥物! (這個超吸睛!)
糖尿病的藥物真是日新月異,不斷推陳出新。
這次這個新藥的機轉”無關胰島素”,而是利用腎臟原本就會”排出過多糖分“的機轉,讓這個機轉變得更強,進而排出比平常更多的糖分。
講得更精確一點是:
原本身體中血糖如果超過 180 mg/dL,腎臟就無法完全再吸收所濾出的糖分,而從小便中流失,而這也是古時候人稱這種病為糖尿病的原因,尿中有糖嘛,但我們現在知道,其實是因為血糖太高,才導致糖分漏到尿裡面去。
之前的藥物,都是想辦法把血糖降低,而血糖降低後,也就不會有尿糖囉。但是這個新藥反而是”增加尿糖”,也就是增加糖分的排出,而來使得身體血糖降低,怎麼增加呢,這個藥物抑制SGLT2 (在腎臟中負責再吸收尿糖的通道),抑制到甚麼程度呢?現在只要身體血糖超過 21 mg/dL,腎臟就開始漏出糖分了,糖分排出增加的結果,可以讓服藥的患者,一天增加排出 60-80 g 的糖分,相當於 240-320 kcal,也相當於一碗飯的熱量喔!
你想想看,你每天照吃三碗飯到肚子裡,但是其中一碗不知不覺就從尿中漏掉了,結果你肚子一樣飽了,熱量也減少了三分之一,久了能不瘦嗎?
新藥都要考量安全性,目前來說全世界有將近20萬人在使用,已經有四年的經驗了,唯一看到的副作用是微微增加了生殖道感染的機率,泌尿道感染機率有非常微小的增加,不過治療後都沒有太大問題,但是後續追蹤報告還是很重要,畢竟,前車之鑑還不少…..
作者:陳愷懋醫師
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betesjournals.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F36%5C%2F10%5C%2F3169%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-01-29T13%3A59%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D 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Dia Care. 2013;36(10):3169-3176.
http://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0387