說老實話,雖然寫了兩篇關於透析液鈣離子的文章,似乎有個稍為明確一點的結論,但是,上篇裡面在講透析液鈣離子的演變歷史中,有一個地方仍然困擾著我,那就是……
數十年前使用Ca = 3.5 meq/L濃度的透析液,是為了抑制副甲狀腺,那現在建議使用Ca = 2.5 meq/L濃度,會不會使得副甲狀腺素受刺激而升高呢?
很令人沮喪的,答案是會!
這篇2012年發表在美國腎臟疾病雜誌(AJKD,American Journal of Kidney Disease)的文章,雖然接受研究的患者只有22人,但結果十分有意義,他將患者分成三組,一組使用2.5 meq/L(以下濃度皆為透析液之鈣離子濃度),一組使用2.75 meq/L,一組使用3.0 meq/L,結果顯示:
透析液鈣濃度 (mEq/L) | 透析後,血中游離鈣離子濃度 (mEq/L) | 透析中,鈣從透析液中進入體內的量 (mg) | 透析前後,副甲狀腺素的變化 (pg/mL) |
---|
2.5 | 2.4 (± 0.08) | 75 (± 122) | +225 (± 312) |
2.75 | 2.56 (± 0.12) | 182 (± 125) | -68 (± 325 ) |
3.0 | 2.66 (± 0.1) | 293 (± 228) | -99 (± 432) |
照這篇的結論看來,使用2.5 meq/L的透析液,會短暫地刺激副甲狀腺升高,而使用2.75 meq/L或3.0 meq/L的透析液,副甲狀腺看來是能夠稍微抑制,只是受試者之間的個別差異很大,然而,會不會影響副甲狀腺機能亢進的治療?沒辦法從本篇得到進一步結論。本篇的有趣結論是,或許2.75 meq/L的透析液,比較適合透析患者唷。
意思是說,當我們在選用透析液的時候,還是得考慮患者是否有副甲狀腺機能亢進,如果是,使用 2.5 meq/L的濃度時,要注意藥物治療副甲狀腺的反應。
再把結論貼一遍:
1. 使用 2.5 meq/L的透析液,確實能夠幫助身體除去多餘的鈣離子,而又不會增加心律不整的危險性。
2. 絕大部分的患者,都是使用 2.5 meq/L的透析液的,這是為了不讓鈣離子累積在身體中,為了血管的健康。
3. 使用2.5 meq/L的透析液,副甲狀腺仍然會受到短暫的刺激而升高,如果患者有副甲狀腺機能亢進的問題時,臨床醫師得衡量患者狀況,來考慮是否更換透析液濃度,這點目前沒有標準答案。
希望未來的透析液,能更貼近病人個別的需求而設計,而不是死板板的特定濃度而已。
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Basile C, Libutti P, Di Turo AL, et al. Effect of Dialysate Calcium Concentrations on Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Balance During a Single Dialysis Session Using Bicarbonate Hemodialysis: A Crossover Clinical Trial.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2012;59(1):92-101.
http://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.033