隨著科學的進步,影像檢查這個領域,還在不斷帶給醫生驚奇,不管是影像的技術或種類都是。不過我想和大家談的是,一般常作的影像檢查之間的比較。
超音波:
其實人類早在西元六世紀的時候,著名數學家、音樂家”畢達哥拉斯”,就已經發現聲音的頻率與波長有關係。而超音波的技術一直到了1917年,才由科學家Paul Langevin與Robert William Boyle兩人,真正應用在偵測潛水艇上。至於真正應用在醫學上,則是到了1949年,由有”醫用超音波之父”之稱的John Wild發揚光大。
超音波的優點是:沒有輻射線、方便攜帶與移動、可以看動態的影像,像在小框框裡,看黑白電影。底下這個圖是正在跳動的心臟,可以看到瓣膜一開一闔的,以及心臟收縮的樣子。
超音波的缺點是:很怕骨頭或空氣(如:肺部很多空氣、腸子裡也有空氣,這些地方的使用就受的限制),所以不是身體所有的器官都能看得清楚。還有,超音波的操作結果,也可能會因為操作者熟練度的不同,而有不一樣的結果。
因此,超音波的強項在於看:肝、膽、胰臟(有點難度)、脾臟、腎臟、心臟(評估功能很重要的檢查),緊鄰皮膚底下的一些腫塊、淋巴結、甲狀腺、副甲狀腺,關節中的積水,肺部裡的積水,頸部或顱內血管(很難!),新生兒的腦部(因為頭骨還沒關起來)等等。
重點來了,超音波不能很清楚的評估:深埋肺部裡的腫瘤(因為被空氣擋住了,而且肺部還被肋骨團團圍住),腸胃裡的腫瘤或者出血(一樣是因為腸氣擋住的關係),腦部裡的腫瘤(因為頭殼整圈圍住了,超音波一樣進不去)等等,超音波進不去,就甚麼都看不到。
因此,當你擔心哪個器官有問題的時候,請和醫師討論,讓醫師選擇適合你的檢查。
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